资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
【网络强国这十年】动画丨回眸我国网络安全领域那些重要成就****** 在数字化浪潮下,日新月异的科学技术让万物互联迅速发展,打造网络安全空间将持续面临诸多挑战。 9月5日至11日,2022国家网络安全宣传周博览会在安徽合肥举行 党的十八大以来,深入贯彻落实网络强国重要思想,我国网信领域成绩斐然。下面,就让我们一起回眸我国网络安全领域取得的成就。 我国网络安全教育、技术、产业方面推进融合发展。目前,国内已有60多所高校设立了网络安全学院,200余所高校设立网络安全本科专业,每年网络安全毕业生超过2万人;设立网络安全专项基金,已建成了国家网络安全人才与创新基地,组织建设国家网络安全教育技术产业融合发展试验区。 我国网络安全政策法规体系基本形成。《中华人民共和国网络安全法》自2017年6月1日正式实施以来已有五年。这意味着,网络安全同国土安全、经济安全等一样,成为国家安全的重要组成部分。 此外,在网络信息内容治理领域实施《网络信息内容生态治理规定》《互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定》等;在个人信息保护领域实施《民法典》《个人信息保护法》《数据安全法》等;在数据安全领域实施《数据安全法》《区块链信息服务管理规定》《汽车数据安全管理若干规定(试行)》等。在此基础上,还出台了《网络安全审查办法》《云计算服务安全评估办法》等政策文件,建立关键信息基础设施安全保护、数据安全管理、个人信息保护等一系列的重要制度,发布300余项国家标准,基本构建起网络安全政策法规体系的“四梁八柱”。 国家网络安全工作体系不断健全。2016年12月我国发布的首份《国家网络空间安全战略》中规定,“完善网络安全监测预警和网络安全重大事件应急处置机制”。中央网信办印发的《国家网络安全事件应急预案》于2017年6月向社会公开发布。以“一案三制”为核心,构建起“全国一盘棋”的工作体系。 我国关键信息基础设施安全保护体系和能力显著加强。在《网络安全法》中首次提出“关键信息基础设施”的概念。《关键信息基础设施安全保护条例》由国务院公布,并于2021年9月1日起正式施行。作为网络安全法的配套立法,是我国首部专门针对关键信息技术设施安全保护工作的行政法规。“关基”保护有法可依,开展网络安全工作有序有度。 我国网络安全风险防范能力持续加强。2022年2月修订的新版《网络安全审查办法》正式施行,已从“原2020 版”迭代升级。建立国家网络安全审查工作机制,对关键信息基础设施运营者采购活动进行审查,有力维护网络安全和数据安全,防范和化解国家安全风险。此外,由中共中央办公厅发布的《党委(党组)网络安全工作责任制实施办法》,于2017年8月15日起施行。作为《中国共产党党内法规汇编》唯一收录的网络安全领域的党内法规,对厘清网络安全责任、落实保障措施、推动网信事业发展产生巨大影响,推进我国网络安全工作责任制明显夯实。 当前,我国推进5G快速健康发展,同时深入开展6G应用场景研究,着力推动关键技术创新突破,积极促进国际交流合作。未来,如何营造清朗网络空间深度赋能行业高质量发展,为推进网络综合治理我国将不断探索“妙招”,向世界持续输出“中国良方”。 监制:张宁 李政葳 策划:孔繁鑫制作:王一涵 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |